Cybercrime encompasses all criminal offences committed via the internet or computers. This includes hacking, phishing, ransomware and identity theft. In the digital world, specific laws and penalties apply.
Types of Cybercrime
Hacking (Unlawful Access to Computer Systems)
Gaining access to a computer system without authorisation is punishable under Article 138ab of the Criminal Code. The maximum penalty is 2 years' imprisonment, or 4 years if data is copied.
Phishing
Tricking someone into divulging personal data such as login codes or bank details via fake emails or websites. This falls under fraud (Article 326 of the Criminal Code) and sometimes also unlawful access to computer systems.
Ransomware
Blocking files through encryption and demanding ransom. This is punished as extortion (Article 317 of the Criminal Code) together with unlawful access to computer systems.
DDoS Attacks
Rendering websites or servers unusable through overloading. This is punishable as the intentional disruption of an automated work (Article 138b of the Criminal Code).
Online Child Pornography
The production, possession or distribution of child pornography (Article 240b of the Criminal Code). Depending on the circumstances, the penalty can amount to 4-8 years' imprisonment.
Maximum Penalties
- Unlawful access to computer systems (hacking): 2-4 years
- Internet fraud: 4 years
- Extortion (ransomware): 9 years
- Identity theft: 5 years
Investigation Methods
The police have a specialised unit for cybercrime, the Team High Tech Crime. They can request IP addresses, conduct digital investigations and collaborate with international partners.
Importance of Digital Evidence
Digital evidence, such as log files, IP addresses and chat logs, plays a key role in cybercrime cases. A lawyer can test this evidence for reliability and legality.
Frequently Asked Questions about Cybercrime in Zoetermeer
What to do in case of hacking or a data breach?
Report it to the police as soon as possible or via their online platform. Change all your passwords immediately, especially for important accounts such as banking. Engage an IT specialist to check your systems and preserve evidence such as screenshots. Contact your bank in case of theft of financial data.
How do I recognise phishing and what should I do?
Phishing messages often contain urgent language, suspicious links or requests for personal information. Always check the sender and URL. Do not click on links and do not open attachments. Report it to Fraudehelpdesk.nl and delete the message. If in doubt: contact the official authority via their own channels.
Is possessing hacking software punishable?
Yes, possessing tools intended for unlawful access to computer systems (Article 138ab of the Criminal Code) can be punishable, even without use. This also applies to software for DDoS attacks. Be cautious with downloading or sharing such items.
Can my company report ransomware?
Yes, it is advisable to report it, even if ransom has been paid. The police can help track down perpetrators and prevent further victims. Preserve all communication and do not make backups of encrypted data. Engage a cybersecurity expert for recovery.
How is digital evidence used in court cases?
Digital evidence, such as metadata and IP addresses, is collected by the police or IT experts. It must meet strict requirements of authenticity. A lawyer can challenge this evidence if it was obtained unlawfully or proves unreliable.
Legal Assistance in Zoetermeer
For legal assistance in cybercrime cases in Zoetermeer, you can go to the Juridisch Loket Zoetermeer. Cases are handled by the Rechtbank Den Haag, under which Zoetermeer falls.